How should the prevention of breast cancer
Posted on April 28, 2008
Filed Under Breast Cancer |
How should the prevention of breast cancer
The early detection of breast cancer is not well known “incurable disease”, the key is early detection and can be early treatment. Clinical practice has proved over the years, the majority of cancer, If you want to improve the cure rate alone to improve treatment, the results are unsatisfactory. On the terms of breast cancer over the past few decades, at home and abroad in spite of treatment on a wide range of various improvements, but its mortality rate no obvious reason for this decline, mainly due to visit later still, in the treatment of Patients in advanced cases caused by the majority. This requires us to promote early cancer detection to reduce the emergence of advanced cancer, breast cancer survival rate is to increase the effective way
Modern in the early breast cancer should be minimal requirements of cancer (diameter ≤ 0.5 cm) and clinical touch less than the mass To cancer such as cancer early because very few transfers. After treatment, its 10-year survival rate of over 90 percent in general were a large number of such cancer, the survival rate is likely to play a positive role, in order to more of such early cancer detection make the following points.
1. The establishment of an early cancer of the new concept: the patients examined in the day-to-day in early cancer is not rare, but should be more common in advanced cancer, breast cancer because of the growth in the natural course of the entire process of pre-about 2 / 3. Nevertheless, early cancer detection that has rarely been in the majority of early cancer screening from the check to his Louguo. The reason. Due mainly to check for early cancer who still lack sufficient knowledge of the seizure so far the vast majority of consultations are still in use “of breast lumps” as a diagnosis of breast cancer first signs of the traditional concept, and the aforementioned early cancer may not have a significant mass in this Under the guidance of the concept of early cancer detection will certainly rare. So should a new awareness of early cancer of the new concept.2. Serious risk factors for breast cancer: breast cancer risk of many common factors have the following: (1) family history of breast cancer, in particular the subjects of his mother and sister had with this disease; (2) menarche Premature (less than 12 years of age) or late menopause (more than 50 years old), (3) more than 40 end of infertility, (4) side of breast cancer in the contralateral breast was also a risk position, and so on. Where are the people of these factors should be considered as susceptible to breast cancer, should focus on the subject3. On the breast of any anomalies should be to identify the reasons for(1) nipple discharge particularly bloody discharge, more co-exist with breast cancer, especially women over a 50-year-old bloody discharge may be about more than half of malignant.
(2) thickening of the breast glands limitations This is a very common clinical but not to be the signs. If such a situation did not appear in post-menopausal women, especially with the size of some of the menstrual cycle changes are mostly physiological. If the thickening organizations exist for a long time, has nothing to do with the menstrual cycle or changes in the scope of the increasingly thickening and increasing, especially in postmenopausal women, attention must be
(3) nipple erosion after repeated local treatment should be considered null and void and more Paget disease, for the high rate of smear positive, should be to make timely diagnosis
(4) breast pain in premenopausal women, especially with the menstrual cycle changes, the degree of pain or have a different light or heavy changes are mostly physiological. If pain for the limitations of a fixed location has nothing to do with the menstrual cycle or for postmenopausal women, should be to identify reasons.
(5) of unknown causes skin edema of the areola and nipple retraction limitations of breast skin, such as depression, need to carefully identify the original
Because
In short early discovery and early treatment of breast cancer prevention is the direction of development. At present urgent need is that the popularity of early breast cancer to the FDD extensive knowledge of the census carried out breast cancer and women’s breast self-examination, with a view to improve the survival rate and the early realization of the objective of reducing mortality.
[Referral]
Local recurrence occurred in the majority of the first few years (85 per cent within five years) of which 1 percent to 2 percent the first time in 10 years after the disease-free survival. Therefore, regular review, including the early diagnosis of breast photography is 15 percent to 20 percent renewable contralateral breast cancer in patients with critical measures. Some patients do conservative surgery, such as tumor recurrence even partial removal is also not difficult to cure, such patients deserve close follow-up review.
[Prognosis]
And breast cancer prognostic factors related to many factors which have major violations of the tumor biology and pathology characteristics.
(A) violation of the tumor
1. Tumor size: in the absence of regional lymph node and distant metastases in the primary under the bigger and more serious local infiltration, the worse the prognosis.
2. Axillary lymph node: no transfer of axillary lymph nodes when the prognosis is good when the transfer of poor prognosis. And the transfer of the more worse prognosis. Transfer of high position and poor prognosis.
3. Metastasis: more than a year or so deaths
(B) the pathology of tumor types and differentiation of the pathological type of tumor differentiation, cancer and invasive cancer of the host immunity is an important factor affecting the prognosis. Special type of breast cancer prognosis than non-special-good special type of non-invasive carcinoma of the Central African invasive cancer than cancer prognosis good, well-differentiated tumor of the poor prognosis of a good score. Some malignant tumor in a high degree of rapid growth may appear necrosis, tumor necrosis serious note of the tumor-invasive, poor prognosis
(C) clinical stage TNM stage for the clinicians are familiar with poor prognosis high stage. Subject to the understanding of two points, one speaking from the same period in phases other cases, axillary lymph node metastasis tumor size is more important than the other, clinical axillary lymph nodes to check for errors often transfer
(D) of steroid hormone receptors and prognosis of steroid hormone receptor be not only a choice of hormone therapy can be used as a reference also an indicator of prognosis, receptor-positive patient’s prognosis than negative, and the difference between the prognosis of about 10 % Particularly in the lymph node-positive cases in the transfer of more obvious. In the estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor, progesterone receptor is more important are two positive prognosis than a single positive or negative prognosis of the two are good.
[Transfer and diffusion:
And a few types of cancer such as thyroid cancer similar to the natural history of breast cancer usually is very long, breast cancer cells, the doubling time for an average of 90 days from the start of a malignant cell, after 30 times doubled, to reach a diameter of the tumor lcm in this sphere will take seven to eight years. The cause of breast cancer has not yet completely clear, the best way to reduce mortality is early detection of early treatment. In tumor metastasis, surgery and radiotherapy alone can cure the event of a transfer of the vast majority of cases, active treatment also only a small number of patients cured, it helps to understand the natural law of breast cancer choose the best treatment for breast cancer programme .
The expansion of breast cancer around may be addressed to the lymphatic and blood flow. The lymph nodes should be to prevent cancer cells from the primary tumor Yat, the first barrier, if cancer cells through the lymph node barrier is usually recidivism supraclavicular lymph nodes then penetrated into the blood vein. In addition to the transfer axillary lymph node cancer, also involving the lymph nodes and more parasternal for the second and third and fourth intercostal, in the first half of breast cancer in the area and areola more so from here then repeat lymph node cancer. Breast cancer cells may also directly cause vascular invasive metastasis. Side by intercostal thoracic vein into the same side after unknown vein deep into the pulmonary circulation of breast tissue, breast and chest wall into the vein axillary vein into the subclavian vein and unknown pulmonary vein is an important way to transfer, the flow of qi intercostal vein Veins and semi-odd vein, the superior vena cava last Rufei azygos vein system can intervertebral vein, vertebral venous plexus, after the group connected with the vertebral vein, vertebral venous system and the vena cava blood flow in intra-abdominal pressure can change Mutual flow result, some patients in the absence of a superior vena cava (such as the lungs) transfer before a skull spine, Pengu, such as the transfer.
For a long time people have found that breast cancer may have been in attendance at the distant metastasis, despite the clinical was not attending to, this constitutes a conservative implementation of the theoretical basis for chemotherapy today has been based on tumor size, lymph node involvement and the number of other more Preliminary estimates of biological characteristics to distant metastasis small degree of risk exists.
